Pros And Cons Of The Space Race - 1669 Words

o | Course Title | Date Contents: o Introduction to the Space race P, 2 o what is the space race and who was involved? P, 3 o Nasa p. 4 o when did it occur p. 5 o COLD WAR p. 6 o pro’s and con’s p. 7 8 o Was it worthwile p. 9 o Bibliography p. 10 Introduction to the Space Race: The Space Race consists of many important and memorable events†¦show more content†¦NASA: Nasa was a very important part to the Space race as it was the U.S. organisation that helped build an aircraft that could launch human beings into space; hence ‘the first man on the moon’. The term ‘NASA’ stands for National Aeronautics and Space Administration. As a part of the U.S. government, it was initiated in 1958. Nasa does many important things, the man one being, that they make satellites, which are then used for scientists to learn more about space. It is overall in charge of U.S. science and technology that is based about looking and finding out more to do with airplanes as well as space. In 1961, President John F. Kennedy stated: â€Å"We will safely send and return an American to the moon before the end of the decade†. This worked out exceptionally well as NASA helped quite well through the usage of the research and the Apollo program. With the use of this exceptional program, for the first time in man-kind history, people had left Earth, orbited it as well as, to a great surprise, had also landed on the moon. Overall these trips, especially the ones involving human beings travelling in space, continue to help NASA and scientists investigate further. When did it occur? When the Space Race occurred, it was first led on by Soviet Union on October 1957 (the time of which the space race first started). This was when Soviet Union successfully launched the first satellite, Sputnik 1, into orbit around Earth. On October 5th, 1957, NewShow MoreRelatedPros And Cons Of The Space Race1952 Words   |  8 Pagesbenefited so much from the Space Race. The Space Race was a Cold War competition between NASA and the USSR to reach the moon. The Space Race took place from 1957 up until 1975. On May 26, 1961, President Kennedy laid the Soviet challenge before the American people. During the Cold War, around a hundred space advancements were made. In the 20th century, more space breakthroughs happened after the moon landing itself. A few more moon landings followed Apollo 11. The Space Race had a positive effect onRead MoreEssay on The Pros and Cons of Genetic Engineering831 Words   |  4 Pagesdroughts or mice that can grow human organs, the boundaries seem to be limitless. Pros to genetic engineering seem to be very promising and sometimes not believable. For example cross splicing a bacteria with a plant, so as the plant can produce its own toxin, and thus be safe against pests. This has already been done in Australia with the cotton plants, which are being ruined by bollworms. But with every pro there is a con. So far in the rest of the world, the success stories aren’t quite as renown.Read MoreGeography Exam Review Essay1411 Words   |  6 Pagesgender structures (population pyramids), and what can they tell us about a society? What is the missing female problem? How are gender and sex different? How are gender roles defined in relation to space? How do the traditional gender roles for women in many societies disadvantage them? What is race? Why is it historically important? What is economic development? What is GDP per capita, and why is it problematic as a measure of development? What are GDP per capita PPP, HDI, and F/MEI, and whatRead MoreThe Age Of The Civil War1592 Words   |  7 Pages The United States of America became a diversified country due to colonization, slavery, and immigration. There were various types of races, ethnicities, and nationalities all in one geographical area. There were pros and there were cons during this time in America. The cons seemed to outweigh the pros; racism, wars, and other societal problems became major issues within North America. The age of the Civil War revealed the United of States Americas societal and racial issues in great depthRead MoreThe Evolution of Film-Making Technology1417 Words   |  6 Pagesreally capture the aura of city lights the green magenta and purple lights with the haze that clouds the sky. The Viper camera was the first camera that in my opinion told me that the digital age was ratcheting up in intensity and creating the foot race in cameras. In 2005 Panavision made a push into Digital by making a large sensor single camera. The Panavision Genesis (2005) is a full frame 35mm chip that allows depth of field to be similar to film. It also allowed them to also use allRead MoreRiots Should Be Taken Out Of Public Spaces In America781 Words   |  4 Pagesbegan to take a stand for the removal of the statues, inciting riots and violent protests across a slew of southern cities (Junior Scholastic). These Confederate memorials, while an important part of America’s history, should be taken out of public spaces because they idolize a heinous period of time in the unification of the United States. Throughout my history classes, I have learned that â€Å"history is told by the winners†, or boastful survivors of any given conflict. While the United States seemsRead MoreEssay Reproductive Techniques: In Vitro Fertilization1197 Words   |  5 Pagesnature of the arrangement of the family. That is, this is a type of parenting which allows a couple to have a child by involving a third party who serves as birth mother, regardless if there is money involved or not. Firstly, I want to talk about cons of surrogate parenthood. Surrogacy offers alternate solution for couples unable to have a baby. One of the major advantages of surrogacy is that it allows one or both parents to be genetically related to the child. â€Å"Another advantage compared to adoptionRead MoreSpeech on Space Exploration3348 Words   |  14 PagesINTRODUCTION Space exploration is the investigation of physical conditions in space and on stars, planets, and their moons through the use of artificial satellites (spacecraft that orbit the earth), space probes (spacecraft that pass through the solar system and that may or may not orbit another celestial body), and spacecraft with human crews.( http://education.yahoo.com/reference/encyclopedia/entry?id=44593) As a senior officer with Malaysia National Space Agency (MNSA), I was invited by the EnglishRead MoreNascar vs Formula 11063 Words   |  5 Pages Alright, so beginning with NASCAR , this is a very unique form of racing that is very popular within the southern and southwest portions of the United States and targets a very specific demographic of people. If you’re going to attend a NASCAR race, expect to sleep in an RV, eat cheap fast food or cooked barbecue off the grill, drink beer and make friends with random strangers. So essentially if you’re generally a really laid back type of person who just wants to have fun, and you’re into carsRead MorePros And Cons Of An Armed Pilot1622 Words   |  7 Pagesis to identify the pros and cons of an armed pilot. The argument on armed pilots has grown into a national debate. The goal is to bring awareness to the audience about plane hijacking and the benefits of a plane with arms on it for precautionary measures. This has been done by finding and examining many articles, periodicals and websites and citing the claims that have been read to support this paper. Thro ugh piecing this research together, the problems of being in a compact space with nowhere to run

Essay on Membranes Cell Membrane and Purple Dark

Cell Membranes and Transport Hands-On Labs, Inc. Version 42-0033-00-01 Lab Report Assistant This document is not meant to be a substitute for a formal laboratory report. The Lab Report Assistant is simply a summary of the experiment’s questions, diagrams if needed, and data tables that should be addressed in a formal lab report. The intent is to facilitate students’ writing of lab reports by providing this information in an editable file which can be sent to an instructor. Exercise 1: Diffusion Observations Data Table 1: Rate of†¦show more content†¦Hypotonic solution. | B. What would happen to a red blood cell placed in distilled water? Why? Distilled water is a hypotonic solution which means in contains no solutes. According to the text (p.72), â€Å"Cells placed in a hypotonic solution plump up rapidly as water rushes into them.† This means that a RBC would eventually pop. C. Create a graph of your experimental data by plotting the percent change in potato mass against sucrose molarity. Label the x-axis as â€Å"Molarity of Sucrose,† and the y-axis as â€Å"% Change in Mass.† D. Determine the molar concentration of the sucrose contained in the potato strips by using the graph created in question C. At the point where the molar concentration of the sucrose in the potato would be isotonic to the sucrose, there would be no net change in the potato mass. On the graph, this is located at the 0% change. Draw a line from this place on the y-axis to intersect the line. From the line draw a line down to the x-axis to find the molarity. Molar concentration of sucrose in potato = .3 M Exercise 3: The Effect of Solvents on Membrane System Observations Data Table 3: Color Intensity from Damaged Beet Cells | TestTube | Solution Treatment | ColorIntensity0 – 10 | Condition of Beet (turgid, flaccid, etc.) | a | 70% Isopropyl alcohol | 10 | Very flacid | b | 35% Isopropyl alcohol | 7 | bendable | c | 17.5% Isopropyl alcohol | 3 | Less firm | d | Distilled Water | 0 | VeryShow MoreRelatedEssay about Cell Membranes and Transport1350 Words   |  6 PagesCell Membranes and Transport Hands-On Labs, Inc. Version 42-0033-00-01 Exercise 1: Diffusion Observations Data Table 1: Rate of diffusion in different temperatures | |  ºC | Minutes | Temperature | InitialTemp. | InitialColor | 5 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 30 | 60 | Cold | 10 °celsius | clear | clear | clear | clear | clear | clear | light purple | light purple | Ambient | 25 °celsiusRead MoreEssay about Cell Membrane Transport600 Words   |  3 PagesCell Membrane Transport Hands-On Labs, Inc. Version 42-0034-00-01 Lab Report Assistant This document is not meant to be a substitute for a formal laboratory report. The Lab Report Assistant is simply a summary of the experiment’s questions, diagrams if needed, and data tables that should be addressed in a formal lab report. The intent is to facilitate students’ writing of lab reports by providing thisRead MoreDo Some Particles Move By Diffusion? How Can A Model Be Created?987 Words   |  4 Pagesa model be created to simulate cell membranes and permeability? Background: The Plasma membrane is mainly composed up of phospholipids and proteins. The cell membrane determines which molecules can diffuse through the cell. This characteristic of a cell membrane is called selective permeability. Many cells are semi permeable which means that they allow only certain molecules in or out of the the cell. Remember back to the Carbohydrate lab and that starch turns dark midnight blue when tested withRead MorePhysiology Is The Science Of Life1209 Words   |  5 Pagesmolecular basis of cell function to the integrated behaviour of the whole body. Research in physiology helps us to understand how the body works; it also helps us to realise what goes wrong in diseases and to identify new treatments for diseases. Homeostasis is the tendency of an organism or a cell to regulate its internal conditions, usually by a system of feedback controls, so as to stabilize health and functioning, regardless of the outside changing conditions. Living cells can function only withinRead MoreEffects of Temperature on Cell Membranes804 Words   |  4 PagesInvestigating the effect of temperature on plant cell membranes The purpose of this activity is: †¢ to practise experimental and investigative skills †¢ to investigate the effect of temperature on cell membrane structures Procedure SAFETY: Always carry scalpels clasped to a tile and with the tip pointing away from you. Beetroot cells contain pigments called betalains that give the tissue its dark purple-red colour. The pigment is contained in the cell vacuole. Investigation a. CollectRead MoreSurface Area and Cell SIze1504 Words   |  7 PagesArea and Cell Size: Introduction Background Information- Iodine is an indicator for starch. When iodine is merged with starch, it turns a dark purple/black color. Cells require nutrients in order to survive. Cells must eliminate waste in order to survive. Description of the Experiment- This experiment was done to provide evidence for why cells are so small. Basically, we pretended that each potato cube used was a single cell and the iodine is the nutrients (food) for the cell. Expectations/HypothesisRead MoreHow Different Temperatures Effect The Cell Membrane Of A Beetroot959 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent temperatures effect the cell membrane of a beetroot Hypothesis: The more betalain is leaked when the membrane is in higher temperatures Abstract: The experiment which was conducted was to identify the effects of temperature of the beetroot discs. Majority of the pigment from the beetroot is found within the vacuole which is called anthocyanin and each of the vacuole is surrounded by a tonoplast membrane. Externally the cytoplasm is surrounded by the plasma membrane hence the foundation of theRead More2.03 Cell Membranes and Homeostasis Essay895 Words   |  4 PagesTitle: Ms. K Cell Membrane and Homeostasis Experiment Objective(s): The reason for this experiment is to see how starch and iodine affect each other and how a plastic bag works similar to a membrane in certain situations. Introduction: I know prior to doing this experiment that iodine mixed with starch creates a dark color and that most objects, organic and inorganic, naturally experience isotonic reactions. Hypothesis: I think that the potato will absorb more starch than the sweet potato andRead MoreGram, Gram And C. Gram895 Words   |  4 Pagespatients that had died of pneumonia. While examining this lung tissue Gram discovered that certain stains were more favorable and retained by the bacterial cells. It was only a few years later that Gram produced a staining procedure that he divided into two groups. The two groups divided almost all bacteria into what he called Gram positive (purple) and Gram negative (pink). The Gram’s staining procedure is still used today and is the method that forms the basis for identifying bacteria. In order toRead MorePotassium Chloride And The Molecules Through Semipermeable Membrane1298 Words   |  6 PagesMolecules through Semipermeable Membrane Introduction: Diffusion is defined at the net movement of molecular substances from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Beyond that, diffusion can further be divided into two different kinds of net movement of substance to opposing concentration gradients, dialysis and osmosis. Dialysis is defined as the separation of small molecules from large molecules as they pass through a semipermeable membrane (Koerner, 1992). When talking

To Begin The Research, We Have To Take A Look At The...

To begin the research, we have to take a look at the available comparisons between Charter schools and Public schools. This will show us which school choice is more efficient academically overall. There is one specific research question that I will use to research my topic. Are Charter Schools more effective or less effective academically compared to other public schools in Cleveland, OH? My hypothesis is that there is no significant academic difference between charter schools and public schools. Even with varying demographics and changing class sizes, there is little change in academic effectiveness. Ultimately, I do believe that there still needs to be more research time invested to adequately assess charter schools long-range†¦show more content†¦This method cannot ensure that the individuals involved in the research are being truthful. This may compromise the internal validity. Also, the flexibility of the method requires the researcher to be open to change. Last minute changes may need to be made if problems arise. There possibly could be changes to the observation method chosen. For instance, â€Å"observer effects caused by the presence of the researcher can be problematic† (Robson, 2014). Once again, the validity can come into question in the presence if the observer. The subjects may feel the need to change the facts or sound acceptable. The r esearcher must be willing to try different strategies when necessary. To ensure that there is external validity, a protocol needs to be set when collecting the quantitative data. In this research study, external data needs to come from reliable sources like the Board of Education, the State of Ohio, or the U.S. Census Bureau. This will make sure that the data is factual and not based on opinion. Secondly, by doing in-depth individual interviews with teachers will allow for a broader view of how teachers perceive school safety. In an interview a teacher has the opportunity to share more about how safe they currently feel. The interviewer will be able to gain insights outside of their original questions. In comparison, a survey only allows the teacher to share one answer for each question. There is not the availability to share any furtherShow MoreRelatedWhat Is Communication Research Essay944 Words   |  4 PagesWhat Is Communication Research Introduction In this paper we will be discussing communication research, its purpose, goals, and its desired outcomes. Positivism is also a topic that will be touched on. After reading this paper you will be able to fully understand what communication research is and why people decide to go into the field. Body What is communication research? We can first take a look at the definition of the words communication and research as an individual. Please note thatRead MoreReflective Letter : Reflective Essay807 Words   |  4 Pages Review essay reflective letter The research essay is one of the hardest essays I have to write this semester, the difficult part is to generate ideas and factual information to support our ideas. Over the pass week we have been working on the review essay as a team together and I got to say the essay are much harder than I thought it would be. We able to pick our own subject and write about it. The main goal is to inform the reader to take a look further at the subject using non-bias, scholarlyRead MoreHow A Text And Then Searching The Internet For Websites, Videos, And Images1124 Words   |  5 Pages Semester A Unit 5 Lesson 10 Introduction and Objective We learned about how reading a text and then searching the Internet for websites, videos, and images can help in understanding the topic better. It can also help in making a decision about whether you are more inclined to believe an argument when the original text you read was a persuasive text. With more information, you can make better choices, but remember that not everything on the Internet is trustworthy and true! Today s lessonRead MoreEffect of Media and Mass Communication Essay1386 Words   |  6 Pagesphones, blogs and podcasts have all become the new forms of mass media within our modern culture. The media is easily accessed and waiting for us at the touch of a button. As a result, our culture is enormously influenced by the media. In this essay I will be discussing the media and deviance and the effects it has on our culture. One theory that was formed during this investigation was the cumulative effects model [Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann, 1974]. This complex theory looks at the potential affectsRead MoreTransnational Corporation And What Impacts Do They Have On Society?1163 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is a Transnational Corporation and what impacts do they have on society? Before we can discuss the impacts these types of corporations have on society, we must first have a basic knowledge of exactly what a Transnational Corporation is and how they are formed. Then we can begin to comprehend how these corporations’ impact things such as international trade and the effects they have on cultures throughout the world. Let’s begin by defining a Transnational Corporations. Most of individualsRead MoreSchool Leaders Are More Effective Essay975 Words   |  4 PagesSchool leaders are more effective when they take a proactive role in the instructional process of the school as instructional leaders. By providing support to teachers and aligning curriculum, instructions and assessments, the school leaders focus the vision and mission of the school through the curriculum. The school’s vision and mission in making instructional decisions for the school is used during meetings with teachers and when talking about the alignment of the interactions and relationshipsRead MoreUse Of An Autoethnography For My Research Method1425 Words   |  6 Pagesautoethnography for my research method, as I will be reflecting on my own experiences, as well as my family’s, in dealing with drug abuse, which will be provided in narrative form. In this narrative, I will observe how the lack of communication about available resources within the community negatively impacted my family, and how it impacts other families in the Mid-South. I will be making evaluative and reformist claims, as I will be evaluating the value of the communications available about resourcesRead MoreTravel Agency Supply Chain Essay1242 Words   |  5 Pagestravel website are similar to their counter parts, each one has a varying supply chain they use in order to get their product and s ervices to the customer. We will take a look at how a brick and mortar travel agency uses its supply chain, and how changing to a website location can and will affect their supply chain. Supply Chains Lets begin by understanding what exactly a supply chain is and what it does for a company. A supply chain, or supply network as it is sometimes called, is a coordinatedRead MoreTravel Agency Supply Chain1173 Words   |  5 Pagestravel website are similar to their counter parts, each one has a varying supply chain they use in order to get their product and services to the customer. We will take a look at how a brick and mortar travel agency uses its supply chain, and how changing to a website location can and will affect their supply chain. Supply Chains Lets begin by understanding what exactly a supply chain is and what it does for a company. A supply chain, or supply network as it is sometimes called, is a coordinatedRead MoreMarketing Tips For Pinterest For Business1291 Words   |  6 Pagessome unique qualities of Pinterest. These qualities have created an amazing environment which supports and strengthens small businesses. They ve made Pinterest the fastest growing global social network to date. How can a group of image collections help your business? You re about to understand how this works. If you truly grasp the power available to you, you ll want to gain a foothold in your niche... by using Pinterest and these 8 steps to begin! Why Pinterest? This is a fair question. It s

Compare the Ways Poets Present Relationships in ‘Les...

Compare the ways poets present relationships in ‘Les Grands Seigneurs’ and in one other poem from Character and Voice In this essay I will be commenting on the presentation of relationships in two poems. The first poem is ‘Les Grands Seigneurs’, in which the speaker remarks on her life before marriage, where she was adored and worshiped by men, and how it has changed after marriage. ‘My Last Duchess’ is a dramatic monologue in which the speaker comments on his late wife and her character, suggesting that she was unfaithful to him and hinting that he may have murdered her because of this. One feature that is common to both poems is the presence of male dominance. ‘Les Grands Seigneurs’ presents the idea of male dominance in the final†¦show more content†¦This is supported by the quotation: â€Å"I gave commands; then all smiles stopped together.† in which the Duke is remarking on how he thought that his wife smiled too much, so he ordered her to stop smiling. The simplicity of the sentence and the use of the semi-colon reflects easily the Duke is able to control and command his wife, as if she were one of his possessions, which clearly displays the dominant role of the Duke in the relationship presented. Furthermore, the use of sibilance in the words ‘smiles stopped’ acts to emphasise the threatening aspect of this line by creating a ‘hissing’ sound which accentuates the sinister tone of the poem. ‘Les Grands Seigneurs’ appears at first to have a fairly conventional form; it is set out in four clear stanzas with fairly equal line length. Conversely on the fourth stanza comes a dramatic turn in the tone conveyed, shifting from a romantic and playful tone to dark and ironic, which is emphasised by the shortness of the last stanza. The final stanza contains only three lines as opposed to the four on each previous stanza, which causes the stanza to look out of place, which suggests that perhaps the poet intended for the structure of this poem to reflect the content; the black humour and irony of the final stanza with â€Å"I became (yes overnight) a toy, a plaything, little woman, Wife, a bit of fluff† is a stark contrast to the image of romance and courtly love that is portrayed

STEMM Learning and Career Orientation - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the STEMM Learning and Career Orientation. Answer: Introduction: The number of women in STEMM fields such as science, technology, engineering, medicine, and mathematics remain underrepresented in the diverse fields. Over time, there have been fewer women in the fields that were dominated by men. The fields were perceived o be a preserve for males despite the growing numbers of women drawing their minds in the endeavors. Despite of the growing number of women in the field, there continues to exist a problem causing significant delay in their pick up to the STEMM subjects. The society is responsible towards the formation of culture and the gender role separation through perception. Popular culture plays a critical role through the way it represents different genders in the mainstream media. The reality of girls growing up while experiencing and watching powerful position such as doctors and neurosurgeons on television promotes a stereotype that raises the notion of the careers as male-oriented (Be, Henriksen, Lyons, and Schreiner 2011). Therefore, it is evident that the popular media plays a critical role towards the formation of culture in the society. Individuals who continue to watch the same and perceive it as right risk losing the focus towards elevating girls to the highest levels. Besides, teasing affects the ability of women participation in the STEMM subjects .As children grow in school the notion a male child is given when taking courses perceived to be weak and leaving one of the STEMM aside leads to a lot of ridicule which aligns male children to the difficult courses while women preferring the weaker subjects offered in the societys perceived subjects. Eventually, it becomes difficult for individuals to adjust in future thereby remaining in the subjects where comfort was viable compared to the ridicule one would get (Byars?Winston 2014). Consequently, the kind of reactions given tends to form the future career of individuals. The few that succeed to overcome the effects of ridicule manage to pursue the courses leading to successful enrolment into the STEMM careers. Children, irrespective of their gender need to be encouraged towards pursuing their career of choice. No amount of intimidation is supposed to prevent them from achieving their dreams. However, the lack of encouragement coming from parents more so, on the girl child leads to lack of interest forcing the children to pursue courses according to the perceptions of the society (Whalen and Shelley II, 2010). The situation leads to the formation and reality of few women in the STEMM courses based on what the society allowed through the popular media thus resulting into the scenario observed in the present society (Sadler, Sonnert, Hazari, and Tai 2012). With encouragement, children can perform and overcome the formations of the society with ease. On the other hand, the existent stereotypes in the society that drive the perception of inequality between the abilities of men and women results into the case of fewer women in the STEMM courses and eventually in their respective careers. The unconscious beliefs and biases on the girl child tend to become powerful than the opposite thought on the potential of women in these subjects (Nugent, Barker, Welch, Grandgenett, Wu,and Nelson 2015). The strong beliefs on the negative stereotype tend to contribute immensely to the case where individuals fail to follow their dreams but rather opt to abide by the societys perception on the reality. Such issues lead to the poor situation which leads to a selective judgment that impedes women from achieving their dreams. Besides, the lack of mentorship on the part of women is responsible for the low numbers of women in the respective subjects and subsequent careers. Children, right from the tender age need to be mentored by their respective women that have succeeded previously to become participants and professionals in the STEMM related subjects (Morgan, Isaac, and Sansone 2001). In such a scenario, the ability and presence of such mentors to speak to the girl child on their potential leads to their empowerment which results in subsequent success and enrollment into the male perceived subjects. Therefore, the situation is responsible for the menace experienced owing to the poor culture and lack of sufficient mentors to see the girl child towards success through participation. Moreover, the lack of commitment by the government in promoting the true nature of truth by allowing women into the STEMM courses during enrollment leads to the disparity experienced in the present times. The government through the department of education needs to motivate individuals towards equal education and expressing the fact that women can perform equally and even more than the boys. It is deceiving to give one gender an upper hand despite the truth experienced from the few women working in the public and private sector (Jerrim and Schoon 2014). In this case, the government fails to largely advocate for women towards promotion of their affairs and in initiating a balance in the thoughts and perceptions of the ability of individuals in the society. The government and authorities in the education department can be held liable for the same. In other instances, the recruitment and selection processes of organizations lead to the growth in perception of the case. The biased cases in recruitment where men are taken in large numbers as opposed to the case of women create the societal notion of the lack of acceptability thus leading to a discouraged lot of women (Leslie, Cimpian, Meyerand Freeland 2015). Recruitment processes need to be transparent and set a considerable amount of slots to be filled by women. By so doing, the society would go slow on the perception that women cannot outshine or work equally with their counterparts in the STEMM subjects and subsequent careers (Henriksen, Dillon and Ryder 2015). The lack of commitment from the recruiting authorities to change the perception remains a let back to the realization of matching numbers in the STEMM related careers and courses. Men need to be encouraged to perceive the non-STEMM courses to allow for their inclusivity to leave some of the chances available for women. The lack of energy to stimulate the same by the educators and parents leads to the growth of cultural perception on the ability of women (Freeman, Marginson and Tytler 2015). In this respect, it becomes difficult to create the notion that all courses and careers existent can be carried out by both gender thereby drawing the possibility of a balanced participation in courses and their subsequent careers (Eccles and Wang 2016). The presently working women workforce in the perceived difficult subjects have managed to perform tremendously thus raising the possibility of a cultural change. Therefore, the lack of encouragement and willingness to promote inclusivity in the diverse sectors of the economy gives room to the bias. The media plays a crucial role in promoting the status quo surrounding the situation. The media fails to impact the positive image by highlighting the presence of women in the careers sufficiently. The situation leaves a considerable number of individuals with the lack of information that would cause a positive influence to their careers. The failure leads to the present numbers that illustrate lack of commitment from the concerned individuals (Diekman, Weisgram, and Belanger 2015). The situation is saddening despite the recent changes that to some extents express their commitment through the girl child programs to encourage both genders on exchanging the careers towards posterity. Lack of support and willingness to the feminism actions by both women and men leads to the un-matching numbers of individuals in the courses and respective careers. Women, through several advocacy groups tend to promote the positive agenda of empowerment (Diekman, Brown, Johnston, and Clark 2010). However, their efforts are met with resistance in some nations due to the already created images that impede growth in the sector. Consequently, the lack of commitment by the concerned parties leads to the poor state where women tend to remain in the careers with less pressure and ridicule from their counterparts. The continuous discouragement leads to change in attitude and dedication levels thus limiting the ability to pursue own careers. On the other hand, the levels of harassment on women in the career from the male dominated professions tend to act as a discouraging factor to the existence of a peaceful growth in the numbers of women in the subjects and careers . Sexual harassment remains a common issue in the careers where the male professionals to some extent harass their counterparts on sexual lines (Clark Blickenstaff 2005). Consequently, due to their low numbers, women find themselves vulnerable and in worse case leads to discouragement which amounts into an exit in a career in the STEMM division. All the hard work to achieve the career goes into a waste as individuals move to the careers that drive utmost comfort in them. The cases present the effects of negative bias on women where the strength and ability of the boy child are glorified far beyond those of the girl child. The results discourage the development in education and career of women as everyone makes shape of the societys created perceptions. The results to the case indicate a negative energy even to those that grew their resilience and energy to pursue the male-dominated careers. The results indicate the lack of mentorship and willingness by the educators and employers to gather their efforts towards promoting the women in STEMM careers. The situation calls for a necessary adjustment to the case to allow for a positive development and steady growth in the number of women participation in the STEMM courses and their respective careers. Education is a necessary path towards success and empowerment of individuals regardless of their gender. Reference List Be, M.V., Henriksen, E.K., Lyons, T. and Schreiner, C., 2011. Participation in science and technology: young peoples achievement?related choices in late?modern societies.Studies in Science Education,47(1), pp.37-72. Byars?Winston, A., 2014. Toward a Framework for Multicultural STEM?Focused Career Interventions.The Career development quarterly,62(4), pp.340-357. Clark Blickenstaff*, J., 2005. Women and science careers: leaky pipeline or gender filter?.Gender and education,17(4), pp.369-386. Diekman, A.B., Brown, E.R., Johnston, A.M. and Clark, E.K., 2010. Seeking congruity between goals and roles: A new look at why women opt out of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics careers.Psychological Science,21(8), pp.1051-1057. Diekman, A.B., Weisgram, E.S. and Belanger, A.L., 2015. New routes to recruiting and retaining women in STEMM: Policy implications of a communal goal congruity perspective.Social Issues and Policy Review,9(1), pp.52-88. Eccles, J.S. and Wang, M.T., 2016. What motivates females and males to pursue careers in mathematics and science?.International Journal of Behavioral Development,40(2), pp.100-106. Freeman, B., Marginson, S. and Tytler, R., 2015. Widening and deepening the STEMM effect.The Age of STEM: Educational Policy and Practice Across the World in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, pp.1-21. Henriksen, E.K., Dillon, J. and Ryder, J. eds., 2015.Understanding student participation and choice in science and technology education. Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Springer. Jerrim, J. and Schoon, I., 2014. Do teenagers want to become scientists? A comparison of gender differences in attitudes toward science, career expectations, and academic skills across 29 countries.Gender differences in aspirations and attainment: A life course perspective, pp.203-223. Leslie, S.J., Cimpian, A., Meyer, M. and Freeland, E., 2015. Expectations of brilliance underlie gender distributions across academic disciplines.Science,347(6219), pp.262-265. Morgan, C., Isaac, J.D. and Sansone, C., 2001. The role of interest in understanding the career choices of female and male college students.Sex Roles,44(5), pp.295-320. Nugent, G., Barker, B., Welch, G., Grandgenett, N., Wu, C. and Nelson, C., 2015. A model of factors contributing to STEMM learning and career orientation.International Journal of Science Education,37(7), pp.1067-1088. Sadler, P.M., Sonnert, G., Hazari, Z. and Tai, R., 2012. Stability and volatility of STEMM career interest in high school: A gender study.Science Education,96(3), pp.411-427. Whalen, D.F. and Shelley II, M.C., 2010. Academic success for STEMM and non-STEMM majors.Journal of STEMM Education: Innovations and research,11(1/2), p.45.

Effect of Temperature on Lipase free essay sample

Theory The higher the substrate concentration the more quickly product is produced (rate of reaction  increases) until enzyme saturation is reached at which time more substrate has no further effect. Enzymes such as Catalase are protein molecules which are found in living cells. They are used to speed up specific reactions in the cells. They are all very specific as each enzyme just performs one particular reaction. Catalase is an enzyme found in food such as potato and liver. It is used for removing Hydrogen Peroxide from the cells. Hydrogen Peroxide is the poisonous by-product of metabolism. Catalase speeds up the decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide into water and oxygen as shown in the equations below. It is able to speed up the decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide because the shape of its active site matches the shape of the Hydrogen Peroxide molecule. This type of reaction where a molecule is broken down into smaller pieces is called an anabolic reaction. Hypothesis The prediction would be such that as the substrate concentration increases, the rate of reaction will go up at a directly proportional rate until the solution becomes saturated with the substrate hydrogen peroxide. When this saturation point is reached, then adding extra substrate will make no difference. The rate steadily increases when more substrate is added because more of the active sites of the enzyme are being used which results in more reactions so the required amount of oxygen is made more quickly. Once the amount of substrate molecules added exceeds the number of active sites available then the rate of reaction will no longer go up. This is because the maximum number of reactions are being done at once so any extra substrate molecules have to wait until some of the active sites become available. Variables Independent Variable(s) Concentration of substrate Dependent Variable(s) Rate of enzyme activity Control Variable(s) Temperature pH Pressure Apparatus S. No Item Qty. Size, Capacity, Amount 1 Graduated cylinder 1 500mL, 500cm3 2 Metal Stand 1 3 Catalase from Chicken Liver. Pour the hydrogen peroxide solution into the test tube containing the chicken liver and immediately put the cork with a transferring tube plugged into it connecting it to a rubber tube leading to a filled inverted graduated cylinder to measure the amount of gas in mL (cm3) formed. 3. Bubbles should start to rise up the tube and the water level in the graduated cylinder should move down. 4. Record the water level after every 30 seconds for a total period of 5 minutes. 5. Do the same for 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, 12% and 14% and record the readings for them individually. When the concentration of Hydrogen Peroxide is increased, the rate of reaction increases at a directly proportional rate until the concentration of Hydrogen Peroxide reaches about 10%. If you double the concentration of Hydrogen Peroxide then the rate of reaction doubles as well. When the concentration is doubled from 8-16% the rate goes up from 1. 65-2. 97 Cm3 Oxygen produced per second, which is an increase of 1. 8 times. I would expect the rate to increase two times if the Hydrogen Peroxide concentration is increased two times because there are twice as many substrate molecules which can join onto the enzymes active sites. The reason that the number is less than two times could be put down to the fact that at 10% the Enzymes active sites may already be close to being saturated with Hydrogen Peroxide. There may also be some experimental error which causes the inaccuracies. After 10% the increase in the rate of reaction slows down. This is shown by the gradient of the graph going down. At this point virtually all the active sites are occupied so the active sites are said to be saturated with Hydrogen Peroxide. Increasing the Hydrogen Peroxide Concentration after the point of saturation has been reached will not cause the rate of reaction to go up any more. All the active sites are being used so any extra Hydrogen Peroxide molecules will have to wait until an active site becomes available. The theoretical maximum rate of reaction is when all the sites are being used but in reality this theoretical maximum is never reached due to the fact that not all the active sites are being used all the time. The substrate molecules need time to join onto the enzyme and to leave it so the maximum rate achieved is always slightly below the theoretical maximum. The time taken to fit into and leave the active site is the limiting factor in the rate of reaction. Limitations a) There is a slight delay between pouring the Hydrogen Peroxide into the catalase, putting the bung on and starting the stopwatch. This will slightly affect all the results but as I carried out all the three steps in the same way for all the experiments it should not make any difference to the overall result. b) It is also impossible to precisely measure out the amounts of Hydrogen Peroxide and catalase each time. As the scale on the pipettes shows the volume to the nearest mm3 the volume of the solutions that I used should be correct to the nearest mm3. The volume of gas in the test tube to start with is slightly affected by the amount which the bung is pushed down each time, if the bung is pushed down further then the volume in the tube will be less so the 30cm3 of gas is reached faster. c) Due to the fairly slow speed of our reactions it is only possible to measure the time of the reaction to the nearest 0. 1 second even though the stopwatch shows the measurements to the nearest 0. 01 second. d) Human errors such as inappropriate readings, time difference in readings, stopping flow of air by accidentally compressing rubber tube†¦ could also have been made